He aha ka pickling a me ka passivation o nā paipu kila?

ʻO ka pickling piha apassivation o ke kila kuhiliʻole, e wehe ana i nā ʻaila hinu like ʻole, ka ʻōpala, ka ʻili oxide, nā hui solder a me nā lepo ʻē aʻe.Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, he keʻokeʻo kālā keʻokeʻo ka ʻili, hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion o ke kila kila, kūpono no nā ʻāpana kila kila, nā papa a me nā mea hana.

Maʻalahi e hana, maʻalahi e hoʻohana, ʻoihana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻopiʻi corrosion kiʻekiʻe e pale ai i ka ʻino metala a me ka hydrogen embrittlement, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hana o ka noe waika.He kūpono no nā mea hana liʻiliʻi a paʻakikī, ʻaʻole kūpono no ka uhi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huahana like ma ka mākeke.

E like me ke koʻikoʻi o nā mea kila kila a me ka pālākiō oxide, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hopena kumu a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai i ka ratio o 1:1:1-4 ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana;Ferrite, Martensite a me austenitic kuhiliʻole kila me ka haʻahaʻa nickel maʻiʻo (e like me 420.430.200.201.202.300. Ma hope o dilution, austenitic kuhiliʻole kila me ka kiʻekiʻe nickel maʻiʻo (e like me 304), 321.316.316L, etc.);ʻO ka maʻamau, ma hope o ka mahana maʻamau a i ʻole ka hoʻomehana ʻana i 50 ~ 60 ℃, e hoʻomoʻa no 3-20 mau minuke a ʻoi aku paha (e hoʻoholo ʻia ka manawa kikoʻī a me ka mahana e ka mea hoʻohana e like me ke kūlana hoʻāʻo) a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka lepo o ka ʻili, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. , ka hana ʻana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive ʻaʻahu.Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, e lawe i waho, e holoi me ka wai maʻemaʻe, a e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia me ka wai alkaline a i ʻole Limewater.

ʻO ka pono o ka pickling stainless steel a me ka passivation
ʻO ke kila kila maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion, ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka oxidation kiʻekiʻe, ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maikaʻi, a me nā waiwai mechanical a me R.No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka kemika, ka aila, ka mana, Nuclear engineering, aerospace, moana, lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoihana māmā, textile a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.ʻO kāna kumu nui ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka ʻōpala.ʻO ke kūpaʻa corrosion o ke kila kila ma luna o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation.Inā ʻaʻole i piha ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni a i ʻole ke kīnā ʻole, e ʻānaʻi mau ʻia ke kila kila.Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ka pickling acid a me ka passivation i ka ʻenekinia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa corrosion o ke kila kila.I ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, ka hui ʻana, ka welding, ka nānā ʻana i ka weld (e like me ka ʻike kīnā, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kaomi), a me ke kaʻina hana e hōʻailona ai i nā mea kila kila a me nā ʻāpana, nā ʻili aila ma luna, ka ʻōpala, ka lepo non-metallic, nā mea hoʻohaumia haʻahaʻa metala, pena, hiki ke hoʻopili i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili o nā mea kila kila a me nā ʻāpana, e hōʻino i ke kiʻi oxide ma ko lākou ʻili, e hōʻemi i ka nui a me ka corrosive kūloko o ke kila (me ka pitting corrosion), gap corrosion), a hiki i ke koʻikoʻi corrosion māwae. .
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻili o ke kila kila, pickling a me ka passivation ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion i ka palena kiʻekiʻe, akā pale pū kekahi i ka contamination huahana a loaʻa nā hopena aesthetic.ʻO GBl50-1998 "Steel Pressure Vessels" e kuhikuhi ana i ka ʻili o nā ipu i hana ʻia me ke kila kila a me nā papa kila composite e ʻohi ʻia a passivated.Pili kēia lula i nā moku kaomi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana petrochemical.Ke hoʻohana ʻia nei kēia mau mea hana i nā kūlana i pili pono ai lākou me nā media corrosive, pono ia e hoʻolauna i ka pickling acid a me ka passivation mai ka manaʻo o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka pale ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.No nā ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, inā ʻaʻole ia no ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ua hoʻokumu wale ʻia ia ma nā koi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka aesthetics, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono ke kila kila i ka pickling a me ka passivation.Akā, ʻo nā welds o nā lako kila kila e pono ai ka pickling a me ka passivation No kekahi mau mea kemika me nā koi koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻohana ʻana, ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka waika a me ka passivation, e hoʻohana pū ʻia ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mechanical, hoʻopau i ke kemika a me ka Electropolishing.

Nā Manaʻo o ka Piʻi ʻana a me ka Passivation
ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke kila kila ma muli o ka uhi ʻia ʻana o ka ʻili me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation mānoanoa loa (ma kahi o 1) nm), kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ke ʻano corrosive a lawelawe ʻo ia ka pale kumu no ka pale kila kila.ʻO ka passivation kila kila he mau hiʻohiʻona ikaika a ʻaʻole pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka pau ʻana o ka corrosion.Akā, pono e hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa pale diffusion, e hōʻemi nui ana i ka nui o ka hopena anode.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, i ka wā e loaʻa ai kahi mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa (e like me nā ion chloride), hiki i ka membrane ke hoʻopōʻino, a i ka wā e loaʻa ai kahi mea oxidizing (e like me ka ea), hiki ke mālama ʻia a hoʻoponopono paha.
ʻO nā mea hana kila kila i waiho ʻia i ka lewa e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi ko lākou pale.ʻO ka maʻamau, hana mua ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe, me ka holoi ʻana i ka alkaline a me ka waika, a ukali ʻia e ka passivation me kahi oxidant e hōʻoia i ka pono a me ka paʻa o ke kiʻi passivation.ʻO kekahi o nā kumu o ka pickling ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā kūlana kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka passivation a hōʻoia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka holoi ʻana i ka ʻakika ke kumu i ka ʻino ma ka ʻili o ke kila kila me ka mānoanoa awelika o 10m.ʻO ka hana kemika o ka hoʻoheheʻe waika e ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wahi kīnā ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻili.No laila, hiki i ka holoi ʻana i ka waika ke hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa a hoʻoneʻe i kekahi mau pōʻino ʻino.Akā ʻo ka mea nui, ma o ka pickling acid a me ka passivation, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hao a me ka hao oxides ma mua o ka chromium a me ka chromium oxides, e hoʻoneʻe ana i ka papa chromium maikaʻi ʻole, e hopena i ka chromium waiwai ma ka ʻili o ke kila kila.Hiki i ka hiki o ka chromium passivation film ke hiki i ka + 1.0V (SCE), kahi kokoke i ka hiki o nā metala makamae a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.Hiki i nā ʻano lapaʻau passivation ʻokoʻa ke hoʻopili i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a laila e hoʻopilikia ai i kona kūpaʻa corrosion.No ka laʻana, ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻololi electrochemical, hiki i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation ke loaʻa i kahi hoʻolālā multi-layer a hana i ka CrO3 a i ʻole Cr2O3 i loko o ka papa pale, a i ʻole e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni aniani oxide e hoʻonui ai i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke kila kila.

1.Stainless kila pickling a me ka passivation ala
Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano impregnation no nā ʻāpana i hiki ke waiho ʻia i loko o nā pahu pickling a passivation paha, akā ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana o ka hopena pickling i nā lako nui, me ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka uku haʻahaʻa;Hoʻopiha ʻia nā mea hana leo nui me ka hoʻonā waika, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka inu wai hoʻoinu.
He kūpono no ka ʻili o loko a me nā hana kino kūloko o nā lako nui.Nā kūlana hana maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi hou i ka ʻakika.
Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano paʻi ma nā kahua hoʻonohonoho a mālama paha, ʻoi aku hoʻi no ka hana lima ma ka ʻoihana welding.He ʻilihune nā kūlana hana a he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai hana.
Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe ma ke kahua hoʻonohonoho, me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka wai ma ka paia o loko o nā ipu nui, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, a me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, akā pono ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kahi pū puhi a me kahi ʻōnaehana holo.
Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano kaʻahele no nā mea hana nui, e like me nā mea hoʻololi wela.He mea maʻalahi ke kūkulu ʻana i ka paipu a me ka mālama ʻana i ka pūpū, a hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ka hopena waikawa.Pono ka paipa a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka paila i ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano electrochemical no nā ʻāpana wale nō, akā no ka mālama ʻana i nā mea hana ma ka pūnaewele.He paʻakikī ka ʻenehana a koi i ka mana DC a i ʻole ka potentiostat.
2.Pickling a me ka passivation kaʻina hana
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lepo → Holoi i ka ʻāpana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai → Passivation → Holoi me ka wai maʻemaʻe → Puhi maloʻo
3. Pretreatment ma mua o ka pickling a me ka passivation
3.1 E like me nā koi o nā kiʻi a me nā palapala hana, e hana i ka pickling acid a me ka passivation pre-treatment ma nā pahu kila kila a i ʻole nā ​​​​wahi ma hope o ka hana ʻana.
3. Weld seam a welding slag ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻōpala, a hoʻohana i ka ʻaila a i ʻole ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe e wehe i nā ʻaila a me nā lepo ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana hana ipu.
3.3 I ka wehe ʻana i nā mea ʻē ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka hili weld, e hoʻohana i ka pulupulu uea kuhili ʻole, ka ʻōpala kila a i ʻole ka huila wili e wehe ai, a holoi iā lākou me ka wai maʻemaʻe (me ka ʻona chloride ion ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 25mg/l).
Ke koʻikoʻi ka ʻaila ʻaila, e hoʻohana i kahi hopena alkaline 3-5% e wehe i ka ʻaila ʻaila a holoi pono me ka wai maʻemaʻe.
3. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻili oxide o ke kila kila Wela hana ʻāpana, a ʻo ke one he silikoni maʻemaʻe a aluminika paha.
3.6 E hoʻomohala i nā hana palekana no ka pickling a me ka passivation, a e hoʻoholo i nā mea pono a me nā lako pale hana.
4.Acid pickling, hoʻonā passivation a hoʻopili i ke ʻano
4.1 Ke kumu hoʻonā wai holoi ʻakika: ʻakika nitric (1).42) 20%, hydrofluoric acid 5%, a ʻo ke koena he wai.ʻO ka pākēneka o ka leo i luna.
4.2 Ke kumu hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻakika: 20 milliliters o ka waikawa hydrochloric (ratio 1.19), 100 milliliters o ka wai, 30 milliliters o ka waikawa nitric (ratio 1.42), a me 150 grams o ka bentonite.
4. Ke kumu hoʻonā passivation: ʻakika nitric (ratio 1).42) 5%, Potassium dichromate 4g, he wai ke koena.ʻO ka pākēneka ma luna o ka hāʻule ʻana, ka wela passivation ka lumi wela.
4.4 ʻO ke kumu hoʻoheheʻe Passivation: 30ml nitric acid (concentration 67%), 4g Potassium dichromate, hoʻohui i ka bentonite (100-200 mesh) a hoʻoulu e paʻi.

5.Acid pickling a me ka passivation hana
5.1 ʻO nā ipu a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea i hana i ka pickling a me ka passivation pre-treatment hiki ke hana i ka pickling a me ka passivation.
5. 2 Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hopena pickling acid no ka mālama holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ʻole i hana ʻia, a hiki ke pīpī ʻia.Pono e nānā ʻia ka mahana o ka hoʻonā ʻana i kēlā me kēia 10 mau minuke ma kahi mahana o 21-60 ℃ a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hoʻopau ʻana o ka waika keʻokeʻo like ʻole.
5.3 Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Pickling He mea kūpono loa ia no nā ipu nui a i ʻole ka hana kūloko.Ma ka lumi wela, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono i ka paʻi pickling ma luna o nā mea hana (e pili ana i 2-3mm mānoanoa), waiho ia no hoʻokahi hola, a laila holoi mālie me ka wai a i ʻole ka pulupulu uea kila a hiki i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka pau ʻana o ka ʻakika keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
5.4 ʻO ka hopena Passivation ka mea kūpono no ka mālama holoʻokoʻa o nā ipu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻāpana, a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole ʻia.I ka 48-60 ℃ ka mahana o ka hopena, e nānā i kēlā me kēia 20 mau minuke, a i ka 21-47 ℃ ka mahana o ka hopena, e nānā i kēlā me kēia hola a hiki i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation ma ka ʻili.
5.5 ʻO ka pāpaʻi Passivation ka mea kūpono no nā ipu nui a i ʻole ka hana kūloko.Hoʻopili ʻia ia i ka ʻili o ka ipu pickled (e pili ana i 2-3mm) i ka lumi wela a nānā ʻia no 1 hola a hiki i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation ma luna o ka ʻili.
5.6 Pono e holoi ʻia nā ʻāpana acidic pickling a me passivation a me nā ʻāpana me ka wai maʻemaʻe ma ka ʻili. a laila holoi a puhi maloʻo me ka ea paʻa.
5.7.Ma hope o ka pickling a me ka passivation, pāpā ʻia ke ʻoki ʻana i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation i ka wā e lawelawe ai, hāpai ʻia, a mālama i nā ipu a me nā ʻāpana.